Exploring mycorrhizal fungi in walnut with a focus on physiological roles

Walnuts are an economically important forest tree used for timber and nut production, the of fruits is rich in various nutrients, becoming one four nuts world. have deep roots, which can be colonized by either ectomycorrhizal fungi or arbuscular mycorrhizal soil. These form beneficial symbioses roots walnut. A large number been identified, whilst Boletus edulis, Calvatia uiacina, Cantharelles cibarius isolated from walnut orchards stimulated plant growth gave capacity stress tolerance Moreover, Carya illinoensis a very good host commercial production truffles, especially Tuber indicum. In addition, accelerate enhance potential walnuts. Inoculation with also showed improvement nutrient acquisition walnut, enhancement drought redistribution under interplanting patterns, delivery juglone hyphae. culturable vitro like fungus Piriformospora indica enhanced salt plants. this mini-review, physiological roles fungi, including (P. indica) on plants summarized, future outlooks field proposed.